Art After The Great War - 893 Words

Art after The Great War The Great War was the first of its kind. Never before had combat been conducted on such a global scale. The technological advancements resulting from the onset of Industrialism allowed weapons and supplies to be mass-produced. When the dust finally settled, the death toll eclipsed 16 million, and another 20 million were wounded. Dada and Surrealism originated as artistic reactions to the colossal destruction experienced during World War I. Dada radical and poet, Tristan Tzara, confessed, â€Å"the beginnings of Dada were not the beginnings of art, but of disgust† (MoMa Dada). Largely, this was disgust to the atrocities and suffering of war. However, it was also disgust towards the bourgeoisie, political corruption,†¦show more content†¦Marcel Duchamp is widely considered one of the most influential Dada artists. His works frequently included the use of ready-mades. Ready-mades are pre-fabricated items that the artist personally deems as art. For example, a chair, or table could potentially be a ready-made. One of Duchamp’s most famous ready-mades is called Fountain. This piece is a previously used urinal, with the name R. Mutt 1917 written in black on the side. The installation is a classic example of Dada art, in that it does not make sense. It is art because it is anti-art. There is no logic, and there is no reason behind it. It is art because the artist decided it was art. It simply exists. Francis Picabia is another prominent Dada artist. In 1919, he created a diagram of how a supposed Dada alarm clock works. The dada movement aimed to shake the world of modern art up. Art was considered boring and mundane. Dada â€Å"was a noisy alarm that woke up modern art from merely aesthetic slumber† (Elderfield). Picabia’s piece was supposed to represent how it changed. The flow of current was actually the flow of change of modern art. While Dada was intended to be a rebellious and purposeful response to conventional and traditional thinking in society, its successor Surrealism resulted from the desire to explore the unconscious mind. Also, the movement aimed to upset the conventions of reality. Surrealism started as a literary movement that utilized a technique called automatism.

The Holocaust in Germany - 1341 Words

â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed....Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.† This quotation, taken from Elie Wiesel’s Night, sums up the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust and the terrible experiences of those who lived through it. The word ‘Holocaust’ is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Holcauston.† The word â€Å"holo† meaning â€Å"whole† and â€Å"causton† meaning â€Å"burned.† It was often used when referring to an animal sacrifice on an altar. Now, however, the word is looked at with a new perspective: the massive slaughter of six million Jews under Germany’s Third Reich regime. The Holocaust has become one of the most well known and studied genocides that the world has experienced. It is hard to fathom the number of lives lost in the years between 1938 and 1945. Six million men, women, and children gassed, burned, shot, and hung under the command of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. The Nazis believed these violent acts were acceptable due to their strong belief that Jews ruined the German nation. In added attempt to perfect the ideal Germany, the Nazis exterminated cripples, Gypsies, the old, and the sick. However, this mass extinguishment of human lives did not happen overnight. It was a slow and precise process that HitlerShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust and Nazi Germany1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction (150 words) As a result of the Holocaust, a clear link can be made between Nazi racial ideologies and Hitler’s foreign policy. Firstly, Nazi ideologies were a fundamental facet to the Holocaust, as it included the philosophies of who constituted as a Jew, and the consequent treatment of those diagnosed as Jews. Secondly, Hitler’s foreign policies were another significant aspect of the holocaust, as it was a fundamental part in the construction of Hitler’s ultimate goal. Thirdly, theRead MoreThe Holocaust and Nazi Germany Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust is most well-known for the organized and inhumane extermination of more than six million Jews. The death total of the Jews is this most staggering; however, other groups such as Gypsies, Poles, Russians, political groups, Jehovah’s witnesses, and homosexuals were targeted as well (Holocaust Encyclopedia: Introduction to the Holocaust). The initial idea of persecuting select groups of people began with Ad olf Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. In January 1930, Hitler became the ChancellorRead MoreHeinrich Himmlers Role In Nazi Germany And The Holocaust1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthat were a part of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler should be the first person that comes to mind. Heinrich Himmler was one of the leading members of the German National Socialist party, or widely known as the German Nazis. Himmler was the leader of many operations during his time in Nazi Germany, with the Final Solution during the Holocaust being his most well known. Three reasons why people should learn about Heinrich Himmler when talking about the Holocaust is his role in the FinalRead MoreGermany s War And The Holocaust : Disputed Histories1807 Words   |  8 PagesJulia Katzman December 4, 2014 History of War Professor Nolan Book Review #2 Evaluating History Bartov, Omer. Germany s War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. Kindle. For decades, historians and citizens have struggled to grasp the relationship between the German army and the mass murders committed during the Holocaust. These questions have persisted since the concentration camps were liberated and the extent of the atrocities committed duringRead MoreGermany s Postwar Silence : The Horrible Atrocities Of The Holocaust1604 Words   |  7 Pages Germany’s Postwar Silence The horrible atrocities of the Holocaust remain an important subject in World history. Although very few people are alive from the Nazi era the horrors of the era still haunt Germany. Should the generations of German people be held collectively responsible for the Nazi crimes? If you were born in 1940 the start of the war, you would be 75 years old today. The younger generation of German’s look at that period of history differently than those alive post war. How theRead MoreThe Holocausts Effect on the German Jew Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages Adolf Hitler came to power over Germany in January of 1933. He hated Jews and blamed them for everything bad that had ever happened to Germany. Hitler’s goal in life was to eliminate the Jewish population. With his rise to power in Germany, he would put into action his plan of elimination. This is not only why German Jews were the main target of the Holocaust, but why they were a large part of the years before, during, a nd after the Holocaust. Hitler’s â€Å"final solution† almost eliminated theRead MoreThe Mass Murder Of A Totalitarian Leader1112 Words   |  5 Pages In the 1930’s, Germany was under the control of a totalitarian leader, known as Adolf Hitler; Hitler created a cult of personality, using censorship of the press and famous intellectuals of the time, propaganda, and violence to encourage discrimination against Jewish individuals. Discrimination against Jewish individuals was also known as anti-Semitism; hostility and prejudice towards the Jewish race; anti-Semitism can take many different forms, including: Institutional, verbal, or physicalRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Causes Of The Holocaust804 Words   |  4 Pagesthere was a thing called the holocaust. There were many concentration camps all over Germany where many Jews were killed in different ways. It happened between WW1 and WW2, 1933-1945. My position on why this happened is that Germany was going through a rough time, so Hitler wanted their country to resemble power. Read on to learn more about the causes and ways the Holocaust could have been avoided. The Holocaust was a mass slaying of groups of people which that Germany saw as inferior. This includedRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1599 Words   |  7 PagesHorror struck on January 30, 1933 when Germany assigned Adolf Hitler as their chancellor. Once Hitler had finally reached power he set out to complete one goal, create a Greater Germany free from the Jews (â€Å"The reasons for the Holocaust,† 2009). This tragedy is known today as, â€Å"The Holocaust,† that explains the terrors of our histories past. The face of the Holocaust, master of death, and leader of Germany; Adolf Hitler the most deceitful, powerful, well spoken, and intelligent person that actedRead MoreThe Nazi Observatory 1093 Words   |  5 Pages From the second Adolf Hitler become chancellor Germany become a darker place. Germany was humiliated after WWI and Hitler wanted the world to see that Germany isn’t weak and they weren’t to blame for their troubles. Hitler blamed the J ews and those who didn’t fit his â€Å"elite race†. He started a genocide and when the world reacted all they could do was save as many lives as they could for so many had already been lost. The nations of the world could have done so much more to prevent the genocide

Poet and philosopher Archibald Lampman (1861

Poet and philosopher Archibald Lampman (1861-1899) Essay led not a life of his own, but an existance forced upon him by peers and anunfeeling and cold society. Dying far before his time, Lampman led a lifeof misery. He was supported only by a few close friends and his immortal poetry. This essay is founded around one particular of his works but I feel itnecessary to discuss the conditions in which he lived in order to fullyunderstand what he was trying to express and/or symbolize. Lampman really hated his day to day life, he lived only for his friends andhis works. Trapped in a city for which he had no love, he often reflectedhis loathing of it in his numerous works situated in cities. A lover ofnature, Lampmans poems often immediately assumed a tone of life, mirth,and a feeling of pleasure and warmth; the others formed a picture of death,hell, and hate all held together by the one problem that is always present,Man. With few close friends like Duncan Campell Scott, and other that were poeticallyinclinded, Lampman formed a group through-out collage that met frequentlyto write and discuss. Close friends like that influenced him to write suchpopular pieces as Heat and A sunset at Les Eboulements and yet in hisdarkest moments we get the main topic of this essay The City of The End of Things. Like most great poets, Lampmans moods and feelings had a direct effect on thenature and topic of his poetry. Lampman chief poetry was done after a greatjoy in his life, or a great sadness. Sadly, Archibald was not a rich manand lived not a happy life, and most of his poetry reflects that. The City of The End of Things was written in a time of great sadness and hatefor the world. Published one year after his death many people fail to realizethe direct connection to themselves in the poem. Lampmans poetry was divided into two moods, saddness and joy, each primarlyinvoled with nature or cities. Let us discuss the tools used in The City of The End of Things. Dubed The Apocalypic City by Many experts, these mutations of theapocalypic city shows how much Lampmans visions shifted with his moods. Hewas passionatly committed to social change, but in extreme he identifiedredemption with paralyzed oblivion (N.G Guthrie)The infernal features of the City are so many inversions of the values thatLampmans saw in natural landscape. Its roaring furnaces, its ceaseless roundof mechanical action, and its inhuman music are the demonic counterpartsof the sun imagery, the seasonal cycles and the hymm of nature in Heatare gone, this poem focuses on the specters who preside over the dammed citiesdecline. But now of that prodigious race, Three only in an iron tower, Set like carved idols face to face, Remain the master of its power And at the city gate a fourth, Gigantic and with dreadful eyes, Sits looking toward the lightless north, Beyond the reach of memories, Fast rooted to the lurid floor A bulk that never moves a jot, In his pale body dwells no more Or mind or soul,an idiot!I take this strange group to mean two things: a divorce of intellectand coporeality, to the corruption or both; and a division of societysdestructive implications for individuals and societies alike. It hath no name that rings; But I have heard it called in dreams The City of The End of ThingsWhen the poet sayshe hears of the city in dreams, heis suggesting that the imagination that shapes our lives has gone awry. .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .postImageUrl , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:hover , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:visited , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:active { border:0!important; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:active , .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904 .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5f6c73c08e1ca07d4b982e3d059b904:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The human race has advanced over many years, and during this time, moral standards have developed EssayThe city is a projection fo current impulises (to that time). Its roofs and iron towers have grown/None knowth how high within the night,shrowed in darkness, this shows death fulmost grasp on the city and itsformer hosts. The tower, mentioned three times in the poem, is its mostpreminent symbol. As an image of pride mocked by a ghasty claim it hasovertones of Babil, but it could have other meanings. In Romanticpoems, towers symbolize the human consciousnes, which becomes a fortressand a prison of its own beliefs. The second chief symbol is that of a wheel. Used in Lampmans otherpoems to be a symbol of divine purity, it has now been corrupted to that ofa symbol of impurities and death. A stillness absolute as death Along the slacking wheels shall lieAlmost the counterpart of the sun. Lampman has tendency to think in termsof a split between body: Housed in earth palaces are we Over smouldering fires, Wherethrough the fumes creep witheringly Doubts and hot desireAnd spirit Yet each palace-thus we know- hath one central tome; round about it breathe and blow Winds for every hour Find its spire through either river Enters heaven-(taken from Emancipation)Ironically, this rather conventional dualism is precisely whatLampmans poems call into question. The inhabitants of the city of theend of things have internalized a mechanical model of existence to thepoint of of exterpating the feeling and creativity necessary for self-renewal. As the City deteriorates the fires that moulder out and die reflect theextinictions of imaginative energy that has long since doomed its residents. The visionary faculty is eclipsed, and with it the source and song thatmake us human. Lampmans emphasis on the inhuman character of the placeamplifies the horror as a grim transfiguration of our own society. In this city of the damned, behavior follows neither instinct nor intelligence,but comforms to an imposed pattern, much like a computer. Tis builded in the leafless tracts And valleys huge of Tartarus. Lurid and lofty and vast it seems;This opening of course immediatly gives the reader a picture that thiscity will resemble hell in some way and makes you form a picture of hell and fireinto your mind before you are even past the first lines. And what place onearth has been built up to terrify more than Hell? From out a thousand furnace doors And all the while an awful sound Keeps roaring on continually, And crashes in the ceaseless round Of a gigantic Harmony. Harmony, this word is usually a very positive tone, but not so here,this now shows a ghastly noise of crashing madness and inhuman noise, madewithout feeling or soul. Gigantic, man is usually terrified of that which isbigger than he, here Lampman uses a number a terms to show the intensity ofthe City. A dreadful and monotonous cry; And whoso of our mortal race Should find that City unaware Lean death would smite him face to faceWhoso indeed! For to man that hath created such a City and yetit is to bring about his death, that is irony. Lampman most definatly isquite opposed to techology, and shows how we shall lose our humanity totechology. The fires shall moulder out and die, The roar shall vanish at its height, And over that tremendous town The silence of eternal night Thall gather close and settle down. All its grim grandeur, towers and hall Shall be abondoned uttery And into rust and dust shall fallIn this large script, we see more examples of what I stated earlier,the fact that night and darkness are taking hold of things and becominghuman. Lampman uses a personifacation of night through-out the poem to shownature is far more alive than any machine, for he gives the machines nohuman characters what so ever. Also he keeps the image of a large,tremendous city, used to give the reader a place much larger than they shouldnormally image. .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .postImageUrl , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:hover , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:visited , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:active { border:0!important; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:active , .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7 .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7cf82e34e40d091d8563b40254d0e5e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chlamydia (1084 words) Essay But sometime in the end those three Shall perish and thier hands be still, And with masters touch shall flee Their incommunable skill. A stillness as absolute as death. Again we see the author giving character to death, but this passagefocuses on another topic. The topic is machine vs Man. The Masters touchshall flee, their incommunable skill, here we see Lampman show that hebelieves machines can never have the qualities that man has. Man can neverprogram a machine to act as he does, and if he even does, the masters shallflee, and the machine will rule for a little while, then wither and fallapart. Thus Lampman gives a mircocasem of the world today and a world to come,We must prevent this. For Lampman, landscape offers an environment sympathic to emotional andaesthetic capacities that are starved or preserved in the city. The infinitelyvaried complexion of nature fosters without feeling, and its sublime qualitiesinspire the human spirit to rise about itself. Above all nature signifies thecreative vitality that sustains human freedom against arbitrary rule. Bycontrast, the city is oppressive, ugly and ephemeral. The City shows no signof nature, only man made atrositic metal. The City of The End of Things is a prophetic vision that reflects hisinterpretation of the condition of his age. Now, my final exscript, the endof the poem: One thing the hand of time shall spare, For the grim idiot at the gate Is deathless and eternal there. The Grim Idiot. Mentioned twice in the poem now, he symbolizes not one manor any men, but the whole world in which we live. An idiot, why? Mainly becauseeven if we wreck and destroy most of it, the idiot is powerless to stop us. It is there, watching but never acting. It has remained for many years, seenraces come and go, and is truly the only thing eternal on earth, it is the earthit self. By perscripting the night, the wheel, and the tower, Lampman gives and showsgreat fear and terror to the reader, hoping not only will you enjoy it, but learn fromit. In four stanzas this poem has the character of an old poem and modern. Archibald Lampman left us with many joyful poems, and scary ones, but lets usnot dwell in the horror, but in the message and thoughts he left us. We do nothave to become the city of the end of things, we must reform our ways, for the good of usall.

The Secrets of Reading Breathing Life into Things

Although reading might seem a passive activity which involves neither dialogue, nor merely retelling the story, it is totally active, both involving intensive brainwork and considerable analysis. Because of people’s ability to make the characters of the book live their own life, the latter become a part of the reality, jumping out of the book pages. There is much more to it than merely turning pages over.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Secrets of Reading: Breathing Life into Things specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading the stories of the far-away time, one can feel the way the fiction and the reality get intertwined. The two worlds merge into a weirdly shaped work of arts, the whole life squeezing to the size of a page. Because of the authors’ incredible manner of writing, stories become so convincing that the reader starts believing them himself. Either because of the work of people’ s imagination, or because of the genius of the writers, people believe in what they read, which makes them live the life of a story character. This is what makes the process if reading active and turns into an exciting journey. It is not only that people find something out as they read; one had better say that people live through what they read. All this makes people’s attention and participation in the story completely obvious. Faulkner in his Rose for Emily takes the audience through the tragedy of Emily Grierson’s life. With his unique concise and sharp manner he tells bare facts, yet the reader’s imagination makes the latter stand in Emily’s shoes. â€Å"People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were.   None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such.† (Kennedy 34) Faulkner pushes the reader to thinking about the fate of the unknown woman and of the world in which she lived. Trying to understand her motives and her way of thinking, the reader starts taking active participation in the narration, which means that the reader is acting together with the lead character – or it would be better to say, together with the author. Hawthorn’s Young Goodman Brown is another example of a story breaking into people’s lives. This is the ultimate proof that reading is no less active than talking to a person, for the reader feels the pulse if the story and breathes in unison with the leading character. As Goodman loses the remaining of his faith, the reader’s heart breaks together with his one, and the tragic experience of the young man leaves its trace on the readers’ hearts as well.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Poe, with his mystique a nd blood-chilling stories taking people to the depth of their hearts, created the stories which prove the idea of rewarding reading. Once plunging into the dark waters of his wild fantasy, one will never be the same. Owing to the incredibly artful style of his, the atmosphere of his books pierces the reader right through. Like the rest of his works, The Tell-Tale Heart sends shivers down the reader’s spine. The first-person narration makes the impressions ever greater, adding to the feeling that the whole story is taking place in reality. There is no doubt that reading involves an element of analysis and critical thinking. Because of the work of both logics and imagination, people are being active while reading the story, as if they were discussing it, retelling it, or even acting in it. Making people focus in the details and think the story over and over again, reading suggests more than merely a pleasant pastime. Reading books can be compared to tasting a delicacy; once you have learnt the flavour of the exquisite dish, you cannot help recollecting it again and again. Works Cited Kennedy, Joseph Charles and Dana Gioia. Backpack Literature: An  Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Longman, 2010. Print This essay on The Secrets of Reading: Breathing Life into Things was written and submitted by user Cassidy Mueller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.