Ipl Teams Essay Example for Free

Ipl Teams EssayIPL 2012 with lot of expectations and fanfare is just ab step forward to roll out in a few days and as the history of this version of cricket shows, in the country which is now called to be the Mecca of cricket, IPL with its star lit, glamour rapped take- pip is likely to become the talk of the time. This year after the heavy crash of Indian squads fighter jet in Australia, thither had been a sudden purge of public interest in cricket but once the news of the auction of the players reached the media, the cricket fever started to spread. This mega tournament made the T20 version of cricket enormously popular across various cricket playing nations. This year there have been a lot of changes in the squads of the squads. Here we would provide IPL 2012 team up overview with a brief introduction to the teams.Chennai Super KingsAs the champion of previous year IPL 2012 and as the most consistent team in the short history of the tournament, there is a huge expectatio n level for this squad. Except the presence of a number of good cricketers there are few of the big names of the being cricket are in this team like, Michael Hussey, Mohender Singh Dhoni, Muthia Murlitharan, Scott Styris and Suresh Raina.Mumbai IndiansIt is the most starlit team in the IPL 2012 team overview. If India is now considered as the global centre of world cricket, Mumbai is the Mecca of Indian cricket and for all the past versions of the tournament this team consistently shown few extraordinary brilliance and though it still could not be the champion, for number of propagation it aroused immense expectations of making it to the top. Sachin Tendulkar as unarguably the greatest batsman in the history of the game belongs to this team with a host of great players like, Harbhajan Singh, Kieron Pollard, Lasith Malinga, Andrew Symonds, Michell Johnson, Harshell Gibbs and robin John Peterson. It has probably the biggest fanfare among the participant squads.Kolkata Knight Rider sThis squad should be characterized as the most under-performing team in the IPL 2012 team overview. Though there had of all time been huge expectations from this team from the debut tournament to the last version, this team made almost a reputation of under-performing in regard to the ability and potential of the team squad. This team is one of the most star crowded as it is having a great number of bigwigs and promising stars of the game like, Gautam Gambhir, Brett Lee, Jacques Kallis, Brad Haddin, Eoin Morgan, Yusuf Pathan, Shane Bond, Shakib Al Hasan, Mark Boucher and Iqbal Abdullah.Delhi DaredevilsThis is a team which has been well known in the history of IPL as a great starter and in all the versions of IPL it had to quit without making up to the final. This team got some of the finest players both in the departments of bowling and batting. With Virender Sehwag, David Warner, Aaron Finch, Irfan Pathan and the costliest player of the tournament Ravindra Jadeja, this team has th e potential to make to the pinnacle of glory.Kings xi PunjabThis year Kings XI Punjab is expected to declare some stunning cricket extravaganza with a promising squad comprising some great players like the electrifying stylish batting legend raptus Gilchrist, David Hussey, Ryan Mclaren, Piyush Chawla and Shaun Marsh.Decan ChargersThis team has a great ability of showing some great performances when repeated defeats just come close to make the teams future written off and with shocking brilliance it had changed the fate of many teams when everything started to look as predictable. With the likes of great players like, Kumar Sangakara, Kevin Petersen, Ishant Sharma, Pragyan Ojha this team is capable to cause many upsets .Royal Challengers BangaloreThis squad is made of some of the great youthful players and can produce a lot of wonderful performances with the presence of players like, Chris Gayle, AB de Villiers, Mohammad Kaif, Tilakratne Dilshan, Daniel Vettori, Virat Kohli and Zah eer Khan.Pune WarriorsThis year the team got the old time heavy weight and former indian captain Sourav Ganguly. Though the team would heavily feel the absence of the big hitter and classy batter Yuvraj Singh, the team is capable of producing some brilliance performances with the presence of Graeme Smith, Jesse Ryder, Michell Marsh and Rahul Sharma.Rajasthan RoyalsThis team is always reputed to have shown some great examples of fighting spirit. After the recent retirement from the international cricket Rahul Dravid as the new captain of the squad is expected to have some extra zeal to produce a memorable performance as a classy batsmen and his cool captaincy can prove to be an asset for the team. It has a great bowling line up with the presence of stalwarts like Shane Warne, Shaun Tait and Shane Watson and also a great line up of players with promising batsmen and all-rounders like Faiz Fazal, Jacob Oram and Ross Taylor. IPL 2012 team overview made one point clear that this year t he tournament is going to experience more than balance in the performance of the teams because of the presence of good number of international level of players in every team.

Deontological ethics Essay Example for Free

Deontological ethics EssayAttempting to explain the differences and similarities of virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological is basically from my own understanding of each. I am having much difficulty reading the materials as well as sitting at this computer for any length of meter. I believe my reading ocular is deteriorating at a rapid pace because of the straining to my eyes. Virtue ethics focuses on a persons character and morals. This person get out continuously try to do what is right because he was taught at an early age and by someone he loves and wants to always please by doing the right thing, irrespective of the consequences. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of your actions.What I mean by that is that if you steal something and not get caught, there argon no consequences. No one knows that you stole and therefore you do not have to answer to anyone but yourself. Deontology focuses on the outcome of the act whether right or wrong. The person steals food from a grocery store because his children are hungry and he does not have the money to buy food. Although it is his responsibility to feed his children, stealing is clearly wrong.The consequences did not matter at that particular era he did what he felt he had to do. Recently there was an incident on my route where a woman called in to my job and conveyed to my superior that I was talking about Jesus on the bus and she was offended. I was called in and reprimanded and told not to speak about religion on the bus.My response to her was, is that right? kinda a few of my regular passengers know that I am a minister and talk to me regularly about the Bible, Jesus and the Christian faith. Based on the virtue ethics, I was taught to speak the word of God in season and out of season, when it is time or easy and when it is not a good time or hard. This is my first and most important job and regardless of the consequences, I will continue to preach the word and pray for anyone who des ires to hear it. I will always try to please Jesus in whatever I do.

The Performance Appraisal: Advantages and Disadvantages

The Performance Appraisal Advantages and DisadvantagesShari M. KernThe execution of instrument judicial decision is the procedure through which employee mathematical operation is assessed, feedback is provided to the employee, and disciplinal action plans are designed (Youssef, 2015, Section 6.2, What is Performance Appraisal and Why is it Important? para 1). Performance appraisal is deemed an important means for decision-making needs of todays businesses. The surgical procedure appraisal is the method by which businesses appraise job performance. Typically, a performance appraisal system involves a manager to assess each employees performance similar to performance benchmarks that have previously been set up over a period of time. Performance appraisal methods also present a foundation for omen improvement, as well as a means for determining merit, raises, new positions within the business and even dismissals.Strategic Advantage of Performance AppraisalsOne of the some(preno minal) advantages of performance appraisal is, in the hustle and hectic working life, it extends a valuable opportunity for a manager and subordinate to have break for a private conversation about matters positive or negative that otherwise may not be spoken about. Performance appraisal proposes a pricy effort to focus on job accomplishments and targets, to discern and improve current problems, and to inspire improved future performance. For example, performance appraisals can have a heavy(a) effect on motivation and morale, it offers an excellent opportunity for managers to recognize and reach an agreement on individual training and development necessities, and it can examine the victor of a businesss recruitment and orientation procedures.The Potential Forms of Bias Within Appraisals SystemsBias can impact employee performance appraisals in extraordinarily damaging ways. A darling manager must be impartial about the performance of their workers. A performance appraisal bias ca n misrepresent a managers and a businesss assessment of how a worker is doing. Some biases are stereotyping (inaccurate results against certain employees belonging to a group), halo effect (erroneous judgments about an employee based on a limited procedure of performance dimensions), self-fulling prophecies (We tend to see what we expect to see. Research shows that when other things are equal, if managers poorly judge employees to be failures and expect these employees to fail, then the employees are likely to fail. On the other hand, if a manager believes in an employee and expects him or her to succeed, then he or she will be likely to succeed), and the fundamental attri aloneion error (Employee blames others for their failures but do not give them enough credit for their successes. If left unchecked, this common attributional bias can be detrimental to performance appraisal) (Youssef, 2015, Section 6.6, Opportunities, Challenges and Recent Developments in Performance Management, para 16). Performance Appraisals Contribute to the Achievement of Strategic ObjectivesThe success of a performance appraisal can be assessed in how good it accomplishes its strategic objectives. Performance objectives determine how a business strategy will be attained. Performance objectives also perform a key function in distinguishing the last outcomes required because of employees intense work and commitment. Performance objectives are a requirement in aligning well-defined objectives for employees. Performance objectives challenge employees to attain the greatest outcomes to march on business development and make constant progress to meet the challenges and shifting demands of the marketplace. Performance objectives should be well-defined and direct engagement. Knowing the strategic objectives in performance appraisals can support a business to modify performance appraisals to meet business desires.In conclusion, performance appraisal is deemed an important tool for decision- making needs of todays businesses. The performance appraisal is the method by which businesses appraise job performance. When done successfully, employee performance appraisals are incredibly advantageous to the efficiency of a business. Performance appraisals offer a business with the methods to gather data and share business and specific objectives to each employee. These appraisals are methods that can make all employees more beneficial and involved in their work and thus make the business more prosperous.ReferencesYoussef, C. (2015). Human resource management. (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education.

Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing Essay

Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing EssayIntroduction to Social Media AnalysisPeople be talking rough you-your accompany, your harvestings, your wad. With modern, digital communications tools, theyre publishing their thoughts to a worldwide audience. They write on blogs and in online communities, and they sh be pictures and videos on popular take awayices, such as MySpace and YouTube. Sometimes, the issues they raise show up on the front p get on of major immature-madespapers. Paying attention to these online conversations is a new imperative for anyone who c atomic cast 18s about their companys reputation.Social media compendium is the broad term for the services and tools you ordain lend oneself to pay attention. It incorporates monitoring, measuring and analyzing Internet-based affectionate media, usually combining automated systems and human insight to turn naked data into useful information.Its most often employ in trade and communications/PR funct ions, which is why some plurality call it brand monitoring. notwithstanding theres more than to it than monitoring, and its not used only in market. Customer service, product groups, competitive intelligence, and investor relations-or any other relations function- ordain find useful information. Specialized applications for institutional investors, lenders and supply-chain managers atomic number 18 also available. If you use information, neighborly media psychoanalysis grants vast new sources.Idea behind This StudyIn Pakistan very some populate be encouraging their backupes through companionable media marketing, mostly our internet usage went under the heading of ENTERTAINEMENT, so I want to study that where the actually person take on to while victimisation Internet in Pakistan.How kindly media marketing can benefactor us? How it is used, what be its advantages and disadvantages, how to build interest in it and those who argon using and making money through it, ho w they are doing this?ABSTRACTSSAPA Company TransformsItself Through Social MediaThis case study was written to demonstrate how a company can wager on a complaisant networking platform that not only achieves its tactical goals of pushing company discipline to its target audience, but also broader, strategic purposes aligned with the companys corporate profile and brand. The study will look at technologies used to develop the SDN and the BPX networks, the quality of the user experience, and metrics achieved, as well as issues related to maintaining and growing the network.SAP, faced a new challenge. No longer was it content simply to be a developer of much of the worlds most successful commerce software. Instead, it wished to become a platform company, on its own blade-based platform solution NetWeaver. That meant it had to open its platform to developers outside its own walls, who would drive innovative ways for businesses to use this platform to solve their business problems. It meant it had to talk to a huge, new audience that had not been part of its prior focus developers across the globe that whitethorn or may not be SAP employees. Additional objectives included a desire to increase adoption of SAP products and to provide a platform of designing for SAP and its partners.To obtain the main goal, SAP launches two new softwares for this called as SDN and BPX. Both networks are transparent, anyone can sign up, and both are searchable. Users can sustain and obtain RSS feeds from the most popular bloggers, and all the content is accessible to tender book-marking sites, as well as from Google and other search sites.SAP was formerly suck uped as rigid, monolithic, and overly process-oriented but after adoption of Social Media it is now viewed as open and collaborativeMethodologyDiscussion Forums were opened up in Web page format where a rate of about 4,000 postsPer day was recorded. These were followed by blogs, initially contributed by employees, and q uickly opened to outsiders.Active contributors include customers, consultants, and other credit leading, and the blogs feature everything from long-form essays on relevant overtakeics to footlinger bursts about future trends or interesting innovations.ConclusionFinally, the author speculates on how the success of the combined networks could lead to further taxation ontogenesis and enhancement of menstruation corporate communications.How People Perceive Online Behavioral AdvertisingThey performed a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 subjects who answered advertisements to participate in a university study about Internet publicise. Subjects were not informed this study had to do with behavioral advertising privacy, but raised privacy concerns on their own unprompted. They asked, What are the best and worst things about Internet advertising? and what do you think about Internet advertising? Participants held a wide range of views ranging from enthusiasm about ads that inform them of new products and discounts they would not otherwise receipt about, to resignation that ads are a fact of life, to resentment of ads that they find insulting. Many participants raised privacy issues in the first few minutes of discussion without any prompting about privacy. They discovered that many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) participants allow a poor insureing of how Internet advertising works, do not understand the use of first-party cookies, let alone third-party cookies, did not realize that behavioral advertising already takes place, believe that their actions online are completely anon. unless they are logged into a website, and believe that there are legal protections that prohibit companies from sharing information they collect online. They found that participants gain substantial confusion about the results of the actions they take within their browsers, do not understand the technology they work with now, and clear cookies as much out of a noti on of hygiene as for privacy.They also found divergent views on what constitutes advertising. Industry self-regulation engagelines assume consumers can distinguish third-party widgets from first-party content, and further assume that consumers understand data flows to third-party advertisers. Instead, we find some people are not regular(a) aware of when they are being advertised to, let alone aware of what data is amass or how it is used.MethodologyA series of in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 subjects were conducted.A modified mental models protocol of semi- organized interviews were followed using standard preliminary questions for all participants while also following up individually to gather participants understanding of and reaction to behavioral advertising in particular.ConclusionConsumers have a very clear understanding of when and where Google search displays advertisements. However, consumers do not understand which parts of the New York Times website are adverti sements. They lack the knowledge to distinguish widgets from first party content. Consequently, it is overly optimistic to believe consumers know their data flows to widget providers as a first party.THE VALUE OF A FACEBOOK FANAN EMPIRICAL REVIEWAs Facebook matures as a viable marketing and customer service channel, many organizations are looking to quantify and understand the seismic disturbance of their overall marketing enthronization funds on their business. Quantifying the Return on investment (ROI) of Facebook marketing efforts includes bigeminal variables and companies often fail to understand and to properly value their efforts in terms of the potential long-term business arrive ats of the Facebook channel.Many brands overcomplicate their measurement requirements by tracking dozens of independent variables. Many oversimplify by trying to apply a single number concept of value, and far too many fail to quantify ROI in such a way as to convince a CFO of the merit of increa sing or shifting investment towards Facebook marketing.Syncapse has adopted a alone(predicate) approach to understanding the financial returns that friendly members on Facebook provide to a business. Facebook fan ROI can be understood though a knowledge of key performance indicators that have traditionalisticly led to increased sales and profit in business and the key differences between Facebook users who have opted to fan a brand and those who have not.This study will examine the five leading contributors to Facebook fan value. (1) Product Spending (2) make Loyalty, (3) Propensity to Recommend, (4) Brand Affinity and (5) Earned Media shelter.MethodologyThe quantitative query for this Syncapse undertaking was conducted in conjunction with Hotspex Market Research and consisted of a 25-minute survey using their online panel. Data was collected from over 4,000 panelists across North America in June 2010.ConclusionAs growing audiences migrate to mixer networks like Facebook, a b rands ability to connect and submit these customers must shift from traditional marketing strategies. Facebook fans represent a significant opportunity to drive revenue enhancement, brand, and loyalty without incurring the considerable cost-per-person of conventional marketing. more importantly, such Facebook strategies allow for a discernable ROI that is not allowed by most other approaches.Fans are an extremely valuable segment of the Internet audience and should be addressed with specific strategies to nurture their ongoing participation and influence. Unlike traditional campaign-based marketing, Facebook-based marketing through well crafted fan utilization has no defined shelf life and can be more readily integrated into the day-to-day operation of the enterprise.Social Media Use in the United States Implications for Health Communication give the rapid changes in the communication landscape brought about by participative Internet use and social media, it is important to devel op a better understanding of these technologies and their impact on health communication. The first step in this effort is to identify the characteristics of current social media users. Up-to-date reporting of current social media use will help monitor the growth of social media and inform health promotion/communication efforts aiming to effectively utilize social media.The purpose of the study is to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with current adult social media users in the United States.MethodsData came from the 2007 iteration of the Health Information National Trends Study (HINTS, N = 7674). HINTS is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey on health-related communication trends and practices. Survey respondents who reported having accessed the Internet (N = 5078) were asked whether, over the past year, they had (1) participated in an online support group, (2) written in a blog, (3) visited a social networking site. Bivariate and mu ltivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of each type of social media use.ConclusionsRecent growth of social media is not uniformly distributed across age groups therefore, health communication programs utilizing social media must first consider the age of the targeted population to help ensure that messages reach the intended audience. While racial/ethnical and health status-related disparities exist in Internet access, among those with Internet access, these characteristics do not affect social media use. This finding suggests that the new technologies, represented by social media, may be changing the communication pattern throughout the United States.DELIVRABLE IIIntroductionBillions of people create trillions of connections through social media each day, but few of us consider how each click and key press builds relationships that, in aggregate, form a vast social network. Passionate users of social media tools such as email, blogs, microblog s, and wikis eagerly appoint personal or public messages, post strongly felt opinions, or contribute to community knowledge to develop partnerships, promote heathenish heritage, and advance development. Devoted social networkers create and fortune digital media and rate or recommend resources to pool their experiences, provide help for neighbors and colleagues, and express their creativity. The results are vast, convoluted networks of connections that link people to other people, documents, locations, concepts, and other objects. New tools are now available to collect, analyze, visualize, and generate insights from the collections of connections formed from billions of messages, links, posts, edits, uploaded photos and videos, reviews, and recommendations. As social media have emerged as a widespread platform for human interaction, the in manifest ties that link each of us to others have become more visible and machine readable. The result is a new opportunity to social function social networks in detail and scale never before acquiren. The complex structures that emerge from webs of social relationships can now be canvas with computer programs and graphical maps that leverage the acquaintance of social network analysis to capture the shape and key locations within a landscape of ties and links. These maps can take to the woods new journeys through social landscapes that were previously uncharted.Social network analysis is the application of the broader field of network science to the study of human relationships and connections. Social networks are primordial they have a history that long predates systems like Facebook and Friendster, and even the first email message. Ever since anyone transfer help with anyone else, social networks have existed, even if they were mostly invisible. Social networks are created from any collection of connections among a group of people and things.In the twenty-first century, network science has blossomed alongside a ne w global culture of commonplace networked communications. With widespread network connectivity, within vertical the past few decades, billions of people have changed their lives by creatively using social media. We use social media to bring our families and friends closer together, reach out to neighbors and colleagues, and invigorate markets for products and services. Social media are used to create connections that can bind local regions and distich continents.These connections range from the trivial to the most valued, potent collaborations, relationships, and communities. Social media tools have been used successfully to create large-scale successful collaborative public projects like Wikipedia, open source software used by millions, new forms of political participation, and scientific collaboratories that accelerate research. Unheard of clean a few years ago, today systems such as blogs, wikis, Twitter, and Facebook are now headline news with social and political implication s that stretch about the globe. Despite the very incompatible shapes, sizes, and goals of the institutions involved in social media, the common structure that unifies all social media spaces is a social network. All of these systems create connections that leave traces and collectively create networks.The rise of social mediaSocial media are visible in the form of consumer applications such as Facebook and Twitter, but significant use of social media tools takes place behind the firewalls that surround most corporations, institutions, and organizations. Inside these enterprises employees share documents, post messages and engage in extensive discussions, document annotation, and create extensive patterns of connections with other employees and other resources.Social media tools cultivate the internal discussions that improve quality, lower costs, and modify the creation of customer and partner communities that offer new opportunities for coordination, marketing, advertising, and customer support. As enterprises adopt tools like email, message boards, blogs, wikis, document sharing, and activity streams, they generate a number of social network data structures. These networks contain information that has significant business value by exposing participants in the business network who play critical and unique roles.Some employees act as bridges or brokers between otherwise separated segments of the company. Others have patterns of connection that indicate that they serve as sources of information for many others. Social network analysis of organizations offers a form of MRI or x-ray image of the organizational structure of the company. These images illuminate the ways the members of the organization are actually structured in contrast to the formal hierarchies.Individual Contributions Generate Public WealthCollections of individual social media contributions can create vast, often beneficial, until now complex social institutions. Seeing the social media fore st, and not just the trees, branches, and leaves, requires tools that can assemble, organize, and present an integrated view of large volumes of records of interactions. Building a better view of the social media landscape of connection can lead to improved user interfaces and policies that increase individual contributions and their quality. It can lead to better management tools and strategies that help individuals, organizations, and governments to more effectively apply social media to their priorities.However, dangerous criminals, malicious vandals, promoters of racial hatred, and oppressive governments can also use social media tools to enable destructive activities. Critics of social media chide of the dangers of lost responsibility and respect for creative contributions, when vital resources are assembled from many small pieces 1. These dangers heighten interest in understanding how social media phenomena can be studied, improved, and protected. Why do some groups of people succeed in using these tools while many others fail? Community managers and participants can learn to use social network maps of their social media spaces to cultivate their best features and limit negative outcomes. Social network measures and maps can be used to gain insights into collective activity and guide optimization of their productive capacity while limiting the destructive forces that plague most efforts at computer-mediated communications. People interested in cultivating these communities can measure and map social media activity in order to compare and contrast social media efforts to one another.Around the world, community stakeholders, managers, leaders, and members have found that they can all benefit from learning how to apply social network analysis methods to study, track, and compare the dynamics of their communities and the influence of individual contributions. Business leaders and analysts can study enterprise social networks to improve the performance of or ganizations by identifying key contributors, locating gaps or disconnections across the organization, and discovering important documents and other digital objects. Marketing and service directors can use social media network analysis to guide the promotion of their products and services, track compliments and complaints, and respond to priority customer requests. Community managers can apply these techniques to public-facing systems that gather people around a common interest and ensure that socially productive relationships are established. Social media tools have become central to national priorities requiring government agency leaders to become skillful in building and managing their communities and connections. Governments at all levels must learn to optimize and sustain social media tools for public health information dissemination, cataclysm response, energy conservation, environmental protection, community safety, and more.Background to the ProblemBillions of people now wea ve a complex collection of email, Twitter, mobile short text messages, share photos, podcasts, audio and video streams, blogs, wikis, discussion groups, virtual reality game environments, and social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace to connect them to the world and the people they care about.Twitter enable short exchanges ideal for efficiently pointing out resources or knowing what conferences people are attending, while discouraging in-depth discussion and analysis on the platform itself. In contrast, traditional blogs without length limitations and with their support for sharing multimedia content and comments are better suited for more in-depth presentations and conversations. Other media including books, newspapers, wikis, email, social networking sites, and so forth each have a set of properties that create a unique terrain of interaction. Learning to effectively meet your objectives using social media requires an understanding of that terrain and the social practices that have grown up around its use.One of the most exciting aspects of online social media tools is that they produce an enormous kernel of social data that can be used to better understand the people, organizations, and communities that inhabit them. More specifically, they create comparative data information about who knows or is friends with whom, who talks to whom, who hangs out in the same places, and who enjoys the same things.Social Media object FrameworkSocial media systems come in a variety of forms and support numerous genres of interaction. Although they all connect individuals, they do so in dramatically different ways depending in part on the technical design choices that determine questions like these Who can see what? Who can reply to whom? How long is content visible? What can link to what? Who can link to whom?Social media services vary in terms of their intended number of producers and consumers. An email is usually authored by just one person, whereas a wiki do cument is likely to be authored by several or even hundreds of people. An individually authored email might be sent to just one other person or be broadcasted to thousands. More generally, social media tools support different scales of production and consumption of digital objects.Many social media tools help individuals or small groups interact. Instant messaging (IM), video chat, and personal messaging within general-purpose social networking sites provide intimate communication bring same to phone calls and face-to-face office meetings. Social media can help individuals reach out to medium-sized groups of friends or acquaintances by broadcasting a personal message (e.g., a tweet sent to a users followers on Twitter a post sent to a departmental email list) or allowing others to overhear a comment (a post to someones Facebook wall). They can also allow individuals to reach large groups through popular blog posts, podcasts, videos posted on sites like YouTube, or updates on Twitt er by companies or celebrities with numerous followers.Purpose of the ResearchThousands of people are earning huge cadence of money through Social Media, This research will help to understand that when one person enters into social media, what is his path and where does he go? This Research will also help to understand that how can a person earn from a particular social network website.Research QuestionsTo understand the pattern of browsing of individuals using social media network.To check the awareness among the people of earning through social media.How an individual can earn through Social Media in Pakistan?How this pattern can be used to gain maximum create in online advertising.DELIVERABLE IIIMedium of ResearchSocial Network TheorySocial network analysis is the application of the broader field of network science to the study of human relationships and connections. Social networks are primordial they have a history that long predates systems like Facebook and Friendster, and even the first email message. Ever since anyone exchanged help with anyone else, social networks have existed, even if they were mostly invisible. Social networks are created from any collection of connections among a group of people and things.Social network analysis helps you explore and visualize patterns found within collections of linked entities that include people. From the perspective of social network analysis, the treelike org-chart that commonly represents the hierarchical structure of an organization or enterprise is too simple and lacks important information about the cross connections that exist between and across departments and divisions. In contrast with the simplified tree structure of an org-chart, a social network view of an organization or population leads to the creation of visualizations that resemble maps of highway systems, airline routes, or rail networksNetwork analysts see the world as a collection of interconnected pieces. Those studying social networks see relationships as the building blocks of the social world, each set of relationships combining to create emergent patterns of connections among people, groups, and things. The focus of social network analysis is between, not within people. Whereas traditional social science research methods such as surveys focus on individuals and their attributes (e.g., gender, age, income), network scientists focus on the connections that bind individuals together, not exclusively on their internal qualities or abilities. This change in focus from attribute data to relational data dramatically affects how data are collected, represented, and analyzed. Social network analysis complements methods that focus more narrowly on individuals, adding a critical dimension that captures the connexion tissue of societies and other complex interdependencies.Once a set of social media networks has been constructed and social network measurements have been calculated, the resulting data set can be used for m any applications. For example, network data sets can be used to create reports about community health, comparisons of subgroups, and identification of important individuals, as well as in applications that rank, sort, compare, and search for content and experts. The value of a social network approach is the ability to ask and answer questions that are not available to other methods. This inwardness focusing on relationships. Although analysts, marketers, and administrators often track social media participation statistics, they rarely consider relationships. Traditional participation statistics can provide important insights about the scrap of a community, but can say little about the connections between community members. Network analysis can help explain important social phenomena such as group formation, group cohesion, social roles, personal influence, and overall community health.Significance of ResearchSocial media marketing is the process of promoting your site or business through social media channels and it is a powerful strategy that will get you links, attention and massive amounts of traffic.There is no other inexpensive promotional method out there that will easily give you large numbers of visitors, some of whom may come back to your website again and again.If you are selling products/services or just publishing content for ad revenue, social media marketing is a potent method that will make your site profitable over time. (Maki, 2007)LimitationsFollowing are the issues which could be faced during the researchLack of awareness of utilizing social media among people in Pakistan.No prior research available.DELIVERABLE IVLITERATURE REVIEWSocial Media MarketingSocial media marketing is the way of promoting your business or sites through different social media channels and it is an effective plan that will surge traffic to your sites, get more links and grasp the attention of people. It is one of the low cost website or product publicity method. It grasps more number of visitors, some of whom may repeatedly visit the website. If you are in a business which deals with selling products or services, then social media marketing is one of the effective ways that will make your site profitable over a period of time. Those who do not know the worth of social media sites fall into three different categories (1) the one who do not anything about social media marketing (2) one who are interested and do not know to use the social media (3)the one who do not have confidence in the worth that a social media marketing can bring in.Why Social Media?Nowadays Blogs are even ranked higher than the static websites because of their relevant content and their fresh thoughts which meet the searches criteria to come on top positions. The more links you have the better your site will be ranked by search engines. When your website receives more natural permanent links, it builds more genuineness of your site and builds search engine trust on your w ebsite. This helps to get ranked even with competitive keywords. social media is a essential tool for promoting your site and its truly a worthy method to get into fame.(1)Social media marketing helps you to get more natural links to your site and your website is exposed in front of more people which helps yo to drive more traffic on your website.(2)Its a dependable method, if you utilize it properly and successfully, social communities help you to drive traffic more than the previous amount traffic you received from the search engine.(3) Social media marketing is a community based marketing method, and this doesnt harm several other methods that drive traffic to the websites on a regular basisSocial media marketing helps to get famous all around the globe. Social media sites includes online communities, social networks, blogs, wikis and another type of media for marketing, sales and customer support.. The different types of social media marketing tools include facebook, orkut, hi5 , twitter, Linkedin, blogs, YouTube and Flickr. The social media marketing acts as a cheapeest method of advertising. It is seen that social media marketing acts as one of the leading business venue to use. Nowadays business technology buyers participate more socially to promote their business.Building a attractive website may take more amount of time and efforts. Getting ranked in search engine can take years, in order to build a competitive position. Social media marketing helps you to get huge amount of traffic in a single day. Once you become aware of social media tools the it would be easy for you to grab audience and to satisfy their needs. The fast growth of Social Media Marketing shows the future of internet in social media marketing. The major players in the social media market may revolutionize themselves in course off time and online business peoples also have to change their trends according to it. With social media marketing you can easily compete with the counterparts and attain the end in concern.The Value of Marketing through Social News WebsitesFor those who dont understand or see the value of social media websites, lets take a look at the benefits of creating viral content and effectively promoting them through social media channels.Developing link baits and successfully getting it popular on various social media websites like Digg and StumbleUpon will lead to multiple benefits for any websitePrimary and Secondary Traffic. Primary traffic is the large amount of visitors who come directly from social media websites. Secondary traffic is referral traffic from websites which link to and send you visitors, after they come across your content through the social sites.High Quality Links. Becoming popular on social news websites like Digg or Reddit will get you a large number of links, some of which

Analysis of Africas Economy

Analysis of Africas EconomySeveral economists around the world are wondering whether the majority of Africans are benefiting from investment funds and profits originating from the continent. African leaders have been in the media claiming that Africa is experiencing one of the highest scotch sprainth rates in the recent past. However, a growing gap between the rich and the poor, increase in cost of living and cost of consumer goods has disproportionate effects on working people as well as the poor. Countries such as Nigeria and gold coast that have writinged to be undergoing sparing proceeds are experiencing internal crisis cogitate to a rising cost of living and read to increase government expenditure on infrastructural development (Ndulu 5).Despite the fact that Nigeria was named as the largest economy in Africa, its women, youth, farmers and workers are increasing their demand for access to woodland life, resources and wealth. Furthermore, several alarming reports indicat e that the economic growths in various parts of Africa are more complicated than the leaders indicate. As result, a research was conducted to hollow the issues behind the economic problems, how African governments and leaders can address them (Ndulu 37).The major problem investigated is the interconnection between economy, social and political leadership with the current economic situation across Africa. It was crucial to analyze case studies and literature reviews containing information on African Economy. They analyzed relevant trade publications, annual economic reports, newspapers, magazines and online databases. Because of the time factors, the researchers relied mostly on web for data because it is faster and economical. Volunteers from public and private sectors, African economists, workers, International Monetary Fund, World Bank and African using Bank provided undeniable literature through the publications. The large pool of participants allowed the researchers to obt ain wide range of data that was then crosschecked against different data to ascertain its validity.It was necessary to analyze data from various African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa. Nigeria was preferred because it is the economic powerhouse of Africa while Ghana is on the right path to democracy in Africa. Kenya seems to growing both democratically and economically while Democratic Republic of Congo was considered because it has vast inborn resources. It was also necessary to compared the economies of such countries, analyze the various natural resources found in those countries, evaluate various sources of in hail. Finally, analysis of the relationship between democracy and economic growth, natural resources and economic growth and the relationship between economic growth and living standards of individuals was crucial (Ndulu 179).The research process indicates that African economy is belike to grow up to 4.7% during th is year and accelerate to 5% in 2015. However, the growth in economy does non translate to infrastructure development, job creation, improved standards of living as well as reduction of high poverty level as well reducing inequality in Africa (African Development Bank 1). West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana continue to experience highest levels of economic levels ranging between 6.7% 7% and are likely to increase further by 2015. The economic growth is delinquent to investment in minerals and oil, democratic governments and good leadership. East Africa is equally experiencing economic growth that has increased up to 6% from last year (Economic commitment for Africa 39). Kenyas economy has grown due to increased consumer spending Tanzanians economy has grown due to higher consumption and investment in natural gas. Lastly, Uganda economy is being enhanced by development in telecommunications, transport, construction as well as construction of burgeoning oil industry. In the southern region of the continent, the growth is likely to go up from 3.6% to 4.2% due to increased investments and rising mineral excavation in South Africa. Economic growth in Africa will be weakest in North Africa due to political instability in the regions and fleeing of investors (Ndulu 193).The research notes that Africa economy is driven by exports, mineral exploitation and commodity production, but the rate is not yet optimal. This is because job creation is weak and the growth has not addressed poverty issues, poor living standards and rising inequality(Westenholz-Bless Achola 97).. The informal sector is still actually large yet opportunities remain limited for those seeking employment. This is evident by high rates of youth unemployment as well as wide sex activity disparities in employment and earnings. Furthermore, increased pressure on labor markets due to increase in population pressure means no any adapted impact can be felt by the majority citizens. The res earchers established that weak job creation is brought about by overreliance on agriculture and mining as source of employment. Overreliance on farming leaves various countries susceptible to weather-related shocks. In addition to this, civil wars continue to pose a huge threat to economic activities in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan and Somalia (Ndulu 200).Though Nigeria is believed to be the economic powerhouse of Africa, the res publica has serious unresolved problems linked to distribution of wealth and living conditions of the majority Nigerians. According to the graph below, most Nigerians are unsatisfied with their government because the rates of poverty and unemployment are highest in Nigeria compared to early(a) African countries despite the fact that it is the economic power house of Africa (see figure 01). Furthermore, the rate of employment seems to be increasing yearly. Unequal distribution of resources in the co untry has led to an internal conflict in northern part of the country. The conflict was associated with the majority northerners, who are poor, led to stagnated economic growth in the region. There has been other instances of bombing and abduction of schoolchildren in Nigeria as way of protesting against unequal distribution of resources and declining job opportunities. This has compelled most youths to engage in criminal activities to obtain money to cater for their expenses. come University of Twente. Nigeria vigour Study Report, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making Understanding the Role of Energy Services. May 2014, Figure 01.Africans must wage hike up and determine their own destiny without any fear. From the results of the findings, there is a correct relationship between a peaceful democratic country and economic growth. Countries like Ghana and South Africa have experienced economic development due to peaceful elections and responsible leaders who encourage invest ors to invest in the countries. Rwanda that was on brink of self-destruction due to civil war in 1994 is now experiencing high rates of economic growth due to good leadership. This is a clear indication that security of a country is directly related to economic growth. Security ensures everyone gets an opportunity to go to work, students go to school and other economic activities engineer place. In addition to this, it gives the country a humble time of producing quality goods to sell ab passageway. As result, the country obtains revenue from the economic activities that lead to economic growth (Hughes, Mills Street, 01).Africans must also avoid overreliance on minerals and farming as the main source of livelihood. Countries like Uganda and Kenya have created job opportunities in sectors like road construction, trade activities, and telecommunication sector and transportation industry. The situation shows various job opportunities that can be created outside the traditional ones. In order to avoid uncertainties that come with climatic changes, Africans should utilize their rivers and lakes to create irrigation schemes. They should borrow irrigation technology from Israel that is a desert country yet it produces more food than it can consume. Lastly, Africans should observe family planning methods. The report indicated that most parents give birth to more children than they can take care of. This increases pressure on the limited resources in the continent (Hughes, Mills Street 1). workings CitedAfrican Development Bank. Nigeria Economic Outlook. 2014. Web. 15 May 2014.Economic Commission for Africa. Economic Report on Africa 2008 Africa and theMonterrey Consensus Tracking Performance and Progress Overview. Addis Ababa Economic Commission for Africa, 2008. PrintHughes, Ian. Mills, Greg. Street, Michael. The solution to Africas woes lies with Africans, not the west. The Observer mag. 10 March 2013. Web. 12 May 2014.Ndulu, B J.The Political Economy of Economi c Growth in Africa, 1960-2000. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print.University of Twente. Nigeria Energy Study Report 2005, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making Understanding the Role of Energy Services. 2005. Web. 12 May 2014.Westenholz-Bless, Claire. Paul P. W. Achola.Fundamentals of cordial Research Methods An African Perspective. Cape Town, South Africa Juta Legal and Academic Publishers, 2007. Print.

The Interferometer :: essays research papers fc

Abstract The interferometer is the around accurate measuring device known to man. It was created by Albert A. Michelson. The operation of the interferometer described before long is a light beam that is separated by a beam splitter. The 2 beams then travel equal distances at 90 of each opposite where they are reflected off two mirrors back through the beam splitter. They are then superimposed on to a screen. The screen will display an hoo-ha pattern of fringes. The interferometer is extremely sensitive to vibrations and should be isolated from themThe interferometer is the most accurate device presently known to man, and most likely will remain the most accurate measuring device for the next hundred years Cal Christiansen. The interferometer can measure lengths of one half the wavelength of the light source being used. With a HeNe optical maser (Helium Neon) this length is 316.4nm, about 1/3 of a micron. The interferometer is able to measure very small distances by the interf erence produced between two lasers beams. With this degree of accuracy there are clearly many uses for this device including, measuring flatness, structural stress, and making linear measurements. Albert A. Michelson is the father of the interferometer and the Michelson Interferometer is still used today. Michelson was born in Prussia in 1872 and later moved to the United States where he joined the U.S. Navy. As an instructor in the Navy academy he was asked to demonstrate the Foucault method of measuring the travel rapidly of light and made several improvements on it. Michelson received a grant and built his first interferometer much like the one presently used. It consisted of an Argand lamp, two mirrors, two beam splitters and an eyepiece. The device was extremely sensitive to vibrations and wasnt accurate until it was brought to the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory in Berlin where it was mounted on a platform designed for an equatorial telescope. With proper setup Michelson a ttempted to detect the presence ether, an invisible undetectable material that surrounded by all matter. This was unsuccessful and Einstein later state that the ether did not exit and light travels at the same speed in all directions. Michelson would later receive the Nobel Prize for science for precision optical instruments and the spectroscope and metrological investigations conducted herewith. Several versions of the interferometer were devised by Michelson including, the interferential comparator for standardizing the meter, a mechanical harmonic analyzer for testing the harmonic motion of fringes, and a stellar interferometer for measuring the size of stars.

Failure and the Degeneration of America in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsb

The neat Gatsby is a bold and damning social commentary of America which critiques its degeneration from a nation of infinite hope and prospect to a place of moral destitution. The novel is set during the Roaring Twenties, an era of outrageous excesses, wild lavish parties and sadly, an era of regret and lost potential. As the audience, they arrive at us on a journey guided and influenced by the moral voice of Nick Carraway, a character who is simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the outright variety of life. Nevertheless, when Carraway rejects the East, returning to the comparatively secure morality of his ancestral West, we realize that gaiety was merely a thin facade, and that behind it lurked a hideous vileness that penetrated to the essence of the human spirit. It was during the Jazz generation that the common man, a man no different to pile Gatz, pursued the glowing icons of his age. As religion gradually faded away, it was money that had become an object of veneration. The desire to become wealthy was parceled in the form of the American Dream, a savage ideal that was fundamentally damage from the outset. The fallacy of the American Dream cursed all who aspired to its promises while the upper class enjoyed the luxuries that accompanied their status, exploiting those below them as a means to reaffirm their superiority. Consequently, James Gatz, under the influence of characters like Dan Cody and Meyer Wolfshiem, underwent a self-transformation to become Gatsby, a new man who was founded on his Plutonic conception of himself. As the embodiment of idealism and innocence, Gatsby strives to cre... ...ut in any case the destiny of human kind. It is a novel with a haunting tone that questions the very essence of our pursuits in life and ultimately, the meaning of life itself. It can save be hoped that we will heed this powerful message. Works Cited and Consulted Berman, Ronald. The Great Gatsby and Fitzgeralds World of Ideas. T uscaloosa U of Alabama P, 1997. Chambers, John B. The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. London Macmillan/New York St Martins P, 1989. deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on The Great Gatsby. San Diego Greenhaven, 1998. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York 1991. Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald A Study of the Stories. New York St. Johns UP, 1971. Whitley, John S. F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. London Edward Arnold, 1976.